National Geographic guide to the national parks of the United States Essay - 4

National Geographic guide to the national parks of the United States - Essay Example The source further provides insights on the activities and sites that one needs to photograph. Additionally, the site provides guidelines on how one needs to conduct research on travel photography. The guardian’s travel section is a credible source for travel topography essay. This is because the site is a research site bearing reference lists that appear comprehensive in their coverage on matters of travel topography. The author also presented relevant context and background information. In addition, the site has a research methodology that is presented to the reader in a right manner. Consequently, the information presented in the source is applicable and valid today. The source specifies some of the tips that one need to consider during travel photography. One needs to understand the traditions and customs of a given place. Subsequently, the source outlines the ways of discovering the life rhythm of life in a given place and figure out what exactly to shoot. Digital is lowe r in resolution than film because its images have high signal-to-noise while film images have higher spatial resolution because of the fine-grained film. In addition, long digital exposures add random white dots to photos resulting to a noisier image than film. As a result, a development of large prints for photos, with a lot of texture that needs preservation, such as landscapes, is favored by prints from film cameras. Film blends light and colors better than digital cameras. The camera’s sensors are made up of millions of tiny pixels that combines to give an image while film isn’t split up in such a linear way (â€Å"National Geographic guide to the national parks of the United States†, 64) High-end film cameras are currently less expensive and will not become obsolete in a few years’ time. Their maintenance cost is also low as film cameras require little power to operate, so battery life is longer than in digital camera. Although the cost of film devel opment might be

Briefing a Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Briefing a Case - Essay Example was an appeal against the decision of Erie County Court of Common Pleas. The lower court had denied the claimant negligence claims by from Pfeil Funeral Homes for the injury she sustained within the latter’s premises. The primary issues set for determination by the court of appeal were whether: a) the escort of the claimant by an agent of the defendant and his failure to warn her over the sharp drop on the public sidewalk was a matter of fact or law, and b) the junior court overlooked the facts about the case regarding the failure of the defendant to put a notice warning the guests of the risks of the eight-inch step down in the sidewalk. The Appellate court held that the issues of case were merely factual and not legal. As such the court affirmed the earlier ruling of the trial court, saying the claimant was not entitled to any negligence claims from the defendant. The court began by legitimizing the summary judgment of the lower court which it said was valid because: a) the issues in question did not meet the thresholds of material fact; b) the issues in question lacked the required basis in law to facilitate a fair, legal and reasonable verdict of the court and c) it would be unreasonable to impose any claims upon the defendant for the injury sustained at their premises because by doing so, the claimant would have gained more than she deserved while the defendant would have been unfairly disadvantaged by such a ruling. In addition, the court said the claimant would have been entitled to negligence claims if the statement of facts were supported by law. The court cited the precedent set in the case of Mussivand v. David (1989), 45 Ohio St.3d 314, 318, 544 N.E.2d 265, in which grounds for the awarding negligence claims arose. In the Musivand case, the court said that any negligence claims must meet three conditions: a) the duty of care owed to the claimant; b) a violation of the term, and c); the violation of the term being the proximate cause of the

Given Name and Passport Information Booklet Essay Example for Free

Given Name and Passport Information Booklet Essay

Daniel Quinn’s Ishmael - The Destruction Continues :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

Ishmael   - The Destruction Continues Ishmael  Ã‚   The Biblical depiction of Adam and Eve's "fall" builds the foundation of Daniel Quinn's novel, Ishmael. In this adventure of the spirit, a telepathic gorilla, Ishmael, uses the history of Biblical characters in order to explain his philosophy on saving the world.   Attracting his final student, the narrator of the novel, with an advertisement "Teacher seeks pupil. Must have an earnest desire to save the world. Apply in person," Ishmael counsels the narrator through a series of questions that force him to stretch his mind. Diving straight into Biblical allusions, Ishmael begins his lesson with the history of his evolution from "Goliath" (17) to Ishmael. He explains this evolution as a time of realization where he shifts from blindly accepting the infamous reputation of Goliath, an evil giant from the Bible, to the quiet, thoughtful being of Ishmael. After his brief history, Ishmael shifts his attention to the creation. "A culture is a people enacting a story" (41), and the story of the Garden of Eden opened up new thoughts on man's transformation from dependent to independent beings. When Adam and Eve began their lives on earth, they fully depended on the gods for all their necessities. Just like all of the other animals in the garden, they followed the philosophy of "leavers" and left the question of who should live and who should die up to the gods. However, the serpent, a member of the "taker" group tempted Eve with fruit from a tree that would give them the knowledge of life and death. Eve, which means "life" (179) in turn, tempted Adam with the fruit. Although pre-warned that eating this forbidden fruit would kill man, Adam fell into temptation and his desire for life. Through this action, his eyes were partially opened to the gods' vision. However, this knowledge ultimately would lea d to the fulfillment of the gods' warnings that "[the world's] doom was assured" (166). After man's realization, he placed himself in a category separate from the animals and beasts that continued to rely on the world's situation rather than themselves. An allusion to the Biblical story of Adam and Eve's descendents, Cain and Abel continued the progression of man's shift from leavers, to what they are now, takers. The taker philosophy that "the world was made for man" (61), epitomized the their obstinate attitude that the universe was meant to be conquered and exploited by humans.

Rainy season

The wet season, monsoon season or rainy season is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfalloccurs. It usually lasts one or more months. The term â€Å"green season† is also sometimes used as aeuphemlsm by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropics andsubtropics. under the K ¶ppen climate classification, fo In contrast to areas with savannaclimates and monsoon reglmes,medlterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers.Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their ainfall is equally distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mld-season, when the Intertroplcal convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season. When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours.The wet season is a time when air qualityimproves, freshwater quality improves, and vegetation grows substantially, leading to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime.Character of rainfall: In areas where the heavy rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season becomes known as the monsoon. [7] Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity ithin a pre-existing moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and early evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes.This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day falling during the initial minutes of the downpour,[6] before the storms mature i nto their stratiform stage. [8] While most locations have only one wet season, areas of the tropics can experience two wet seasons as the monsoon trough, or Intertropical Convergence Zone, can pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year. hey do not technically have a wet seasom The situation Is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the western United States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the Pacific ocean move Inland Into the region due to a southward migration of the Jet stream during the cold season. This shift in the Jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the and also brings the potential for heavy rain and strong low pressure systems. [10] The peninsula of Italy experiences very similar weather to the western United States in this regard. Areas affected Areas with a savanna climate In Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina [1 3] 5] and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. 1 7] Also within the savannah climate regime, Florida and East Texas have a rainy Monsoon regions include southeast Asla(lnclualng Inaonesla ana nortnern sectlons 0T Australla's Nortn, [21] Polynesia,[22] Central America,[23] western and southernMexico,[24] the Desert Southwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons: one in late spring and the other in early winter. 25] In western Africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections with only one across the north. 27] Within the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece,[28] and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. [29] Similarly, the wet season in the Negev desert of Israel extends from October through May. [30] At the boundary between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which r eceives the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime. [31] The wet season is known by many different local names hroughout the world. For example, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season.Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. [32] During the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, significantly improve air quality. [33] In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. [26] The pH level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season. Rainy Season The wet season, monsoon season or rainy season is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfalloccurs. It usually lasts one or more months. The term â€Å"green season† is also sometimes used as aeuphemism by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropics andsubtropics. Under the Koppen climate classification, fo In contrast to areas with savannaclimates and monsoon regimes,mediterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers.Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their rainfall is equally distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mid-season, when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season. When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours.The wet season is a time when air qualityimproves, freshwater quality improves, and vegetation grows substantially, leading to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime.Character of rainfallIn areas where the heavy rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season becomes known as the monsoon. Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity within a pre-existing moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and early evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes. This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day falling during the initial minutes of the downpour, before the storms mature into their stratiform stage.While most locations have only one wet season, areas of the tropics can experience two wet seasons as the monsoon trough, or Intertropical Convergence Zone, can pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year, they do not technically have a wet season. The situation is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the western United States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the Pacific ocean move inland into the region due to a southward migration of the jet stream during the cold season. This shift in the jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the region, and also brings the potential for heavy rain and strong low pressure systems. The peninsula of Italy experiences very similar weather to the western United States in this regard.Areas affectedAreas with a savanna climate in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina Fa so, Darfur, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Botswana have a distinct rainy season. Also within the savannah climate regime, Florida and East Texas have a rainy season.   Monsoon regions include southeast Asia(including Indonesia and Philippines), northern sections of Australia's North, Polynesia, Central America, western and southernMexico, the Desert Southwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons: one in late spring and the other in early winter.In western Africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections with only one across the north. Within the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece, and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. Similarly, the wet season in the Negev desert of Israel extends from October through May. At the boundary between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which receive s the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime.The wet season is known by many different local names throughout the world. For example, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season. Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. During the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, significantly improve air quality. In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. The pH level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season.Water also softens, as dissolved materials lower in concentration during the rainy season. Erosion is also increased during rainy periods. Arroyosthat are dry at other times of the year fill with runoff, in some cases with water as deep as 10 feet (3. 0 m).   Leaching of soils during periods of heavy rainfall deple tes nutrients.   The excessive runoff from land masses significantly impacts nearby ocean areas, which are more stratified, or less mixed, due to stronger surface currents forced by the heavy rainfall runoff.FloodsWidespread flooding can occur if rainfall becomes excessive, which can lead to landslides and mudflows in mountainous areas. Such floods cause rivers to leave their banks and homes to go underwater. Floods can be exacerbated by fires during the previous dry season, which cause soils which are sandy or composed of loam to become hydrophobic, or repellent of water.There are various ways government organizations help their residents deal with wet season floods. Flood plain mapping is conducted, which helps diagnose what areas are more prone to flooding. Instructions on how to control erosion through outreach is also done via telephone or the internet.HumansThe wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the Savanna climate regime. However, this also means that wet season is a time for food shortages before crops reach their full maturity. This causes seasonal weight changes for people in developing countries, with a drop occurring during the wet season until the time of the first harvest, when weights rebound. Malaria incidence increases during periods of high temperature and heavy rainfall. Animals Cows calve, or give birth, at the beginning of the beor wet season[clarify].The onset of the rainy season signals the departure of the Monarch butterflyfrom Mexico. Tropical species of butterflies show larger dot markings on their wings to fend off possible predators and are more active during the wet season than the dry season. Within the tropics and warmer areas of the subtropics, decreased salinity of near shore wetlands due to the rains causes an increase in crocodile nesting. Other species, such as the arroyo toad, spawn within the couple of months after the seasonal rains. Armadillosand rattlesnakes seek higher ground.

The Theories Of Punishment Article - 1571 Words

In The Theories of Punishment article in the legal dictionary, it goes over the different theories that the government has on the use of punishment. In the utilitarian philosophy laws are meant to increase the happiness of society by eliminating crime. They realize that the possibility of a crime-free world is non-existent, so minimizing the rate of crime is the only solution to a happy life for the citizens. â€Å"†¦laws that specify punishment for criminal conduct should be designed to deter future criminal conduct,† (Theories of Punishment). There is no extent to the force of punishment; punishment should never be limited if crime is to be at a minimum. In the utilitarian philosophy, punishment is meant to deter crimes from happening again in†¦show more content†¦Another form of punishment is rehabilitation. Rehabilitation gives the criminals that are locked away a chance to succeed in jail or prison. â€Å"The goal of rehabilitation is to prevent future crim e by giving offenders the ability to succeed within the confines of the law,† (Theories of Punishment). Another base of punishment is through retribution. A criminal based on their past crimes will be punished accordingly for their criminal history and the severity of their crimes. The third major rationale for criminal punishment is denunciation. The denunciation theory is a mix between utilitarianism and retribution. It is utilitarian in the way that it makes their punishment public with the deterrent and retribution plays a part when the criminal is being punished. The article Sentencing Guidelines: Reflections on the Future discusses sentencing policies. The guidelines for sentencing varies with the policy. Guidelines, initially, were meant to keep defendants from being mistreated with their sentencing compared to similar criminal acts as well as discretion or lack of uniform. As time went by it was used as a way to predict sentencing. Now in many states computer based machines can calculate the dollar amount that will or can be used in order to meet the states sentencing policies. â€Å"In some States, this use of guidelines led in turn to the realization that they could be used to shape sentencing policy to fit resource levels that had

Morality and Federal Funding Associated with Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 590 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/06/26 Category Biology Essay Level High school Tags: Stem Cell Essay Did you like this example? What is your personal moral standpoint on stem cell research? In today`s society, it is hard to differentiate between morally correct and politically correct, the line is often blurred in view. The intent of this research is to further scientific advancements but the price to pay is stepping across a couple personal boundaries. Angela Campbell wrote an interesting article for the American Journal of Law and Medicine in Boston outlining the biggest controversial topic of today pointing out, Worldwide, legislators and policy makers have struggled to craft meaningful and ethical parameters for the regulation of this new and evolving area of biotechnology (Campbell, 2005). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Morality and Federal Funding Associated with Embryonic and Adult Stem Cell Research" essay for you Create order This statement states a grave dilemma on ever resolving past the issue and finding a solution for technological advances. While very few of the following points hit on the federal funding issues most citizens have put forth more energy on pushing morals rather than funding. Many of the clinical trials discussed were ran all over the world and outline many different researchers ideas on stem cell research and their data findings and research methodology on this growing scientific exploration. Citizens and the government are at a standstill on whether to morally agree upon and federally fund stem cell research even though the research can potentially kill unborn embryos and is putting the government at a split decision on supporting the issue. There are many types of ways to perform stem cell research. The first study goes over a popular way of getting stem cells, mesenchymal transplantation. Blanc started a study which was a prospective registration study to include all patients consecutively treated with mesenchymal stem cells in the participating centres of the European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplantation mesenchymal stem cell consortium (Blanc, 2008). This type of treatment is known to help people with GVHD who had trouble with other stem cell transplants. There are many ways to try to intake stem cells as shown in the study most patients received ciclosporin combined with either four doses of intravenous methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil. In patients receiving cord-blood transplantation, ciclosporin was combined with prednisolone. Recipients of haemopoietic stem cells from unrelated donors were treated with antithymocyte globulin, antilymphocyte globulin, or alemtuzumab (Blanc, 2008). In this instance where there are many patients receiving different versions of stem cells there are many different types of results such as 92 infusions of mesenchymal stem cells were given; 27 patients had one infusion, while 28 had two or more (figure 1, table 3). Of the 28 patients treated with multiple infusions, 15 received cells derived from two or more donors. No patients had acute side-effects either during or after infusion; and none have had late side-effects so far. Median time from transplantation of haemopoietic stem cells to infusion of mesenchymal stem cells was 103 days (Blanc, 2008). Transplantation can be one of the hardest ways to extract stem cells and insert into the patient, but this way of research is growing and having outstanding results. This study shows a lot of hope for a positive outlook of stem cell research because none of the patients had side effects or late showing side effects like other injections might show after a certain amount of time. Study two goes over tissue transplant used to attempt to treat Parkinsons disease. There are a large number of participants willing to participate in stem cell research studies. For instance, more than 350 patients worldwide have received fetal ventral mesencephalic (FVM) tissue transplants in various open-label and in two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials with variable results. In one placebo-controlled clinical trial, some improvements in all 10 subjects 60 years of age was observed. 1 The other clinical trial failed to meet its clinical end point, with no overall marked improvement in the motor features of 34 patients with Parkinson's disease (Master, 2007). With clinical trials there is always a chance that the results may completely fail. There was a study done by Master where In two clinical cases, FVM tissue transplantation has also led to a 70% beneficial reduction or full cessation of parkinsonian drugs. Although several studies show some improveme nt in motor behavior in participants after surgery, long-term assessment shows that such treatments are not fully effective in all patients with Parkinson's disease, with 34 subjects showing no overall improvement after transplantation. Two Side effects such as the development of postoperative dyskinesias (abnormal involuntary movements and postures) have also been reported in 56.5% of patients who were taken off drugs and are a major concern Master, 2007). Most patients had a positive experience and succeeded in the clinical trial than patients that saw little to no improvement. This third study goes over injection of stem cells and the difference between intracoronary (i.c) injection and intramyocardial (i.m) injection and their separate advantages. Mathiasien performed a study on each way to transplant stem cells and there was [A]n open, nonrandomized study involving autologous BMMNCs injected intracoronary (ic.) in ten ST-elevation-MI (STEMI) patients demonstrated increased LVEF, enhanced LV systolic function and reduced scar tissue after 3 months [71], and the same group recently reported 5-year data on an open, nonrandomized study involving 62 ic. treated patients with MI The positive effects found in the first study were reproduced and found stable after 5 years follow-up. In addition, there was improved exercise capacity and reduced mortality (Mathiasien, 2009). These results are a big improvement from other stem cell injections especially the high rate of patients standards after the follow up. Other studies using im. injection for delivery have used the NOGA XP system for mapping of the LV and to guide the injections, usually in the border area between normal and dead endocardial tissue [83]. Although im. injection of skeletal myoblasts has been demonstrated to have a proarrythmogenic effect [48,69,70], im. injection of BM stem cells and angiogenic genes have been reported to be safe without arrhythmias or death (Mathiasien, 2009). These studies with i.m. injection is positive as well but the i.c. study seems to have more substantial evidence and a better life span after treatment. Most people believe The optimal delivery method of the cells to the myocardium has yet to be determined. For MSCs the im. delivery method appears to be preferable to the ic. method, at least until reports on microvascular occlusions, owing to the rather large size of MSCs, have been investigated further (Mathiasien, 2009). There may be better long-term effects from i.c. but in the i.m. study there are more scientists involved in this injection techn ique and more scientist using this method. Along with each way to perform stem cell research come many potential life long risks. Morally, many people are concerned with the destruction of embryos and the many risks associated with stem cell research. The many risks that come with stem cell research is why this topic is such a huge controversial topic today. Many people must weigh out the option and make sure in their heart and mind that the reward of scientific advancement is a big enough gain to possibly lose a life. Aside from the scientific research, many people form their own opinions to not let stem cell research continue to be an afterthought for research but stand up to a flawed system. Scientist time and time again have said stem cell research to be dangerous and not always succeed. Many scientists attempt using embryonic stem cell and The embryos used in this kind of research are typically donated by individuals or couples who conceived them by in- vitro fertilization (IVF) in the context of receiving assisted reproduction treatment, but who no longer need or want them for such a purpose (Snead, 2011 ). The main controversy is over is it okay to destroy a human embryo in order to gain important stem cells for extensive research that can help the world of science. This research can help yield regenerative substance and help bioethics make technological advances such as: cloning, embryonic stem cells and possibly immortality. While many embryos in such clinics get used and create life Hundreds of thousands of embryos stored in the U.S. in invitro fertilization clinics will not be used for reproductive purposes and will eventually be destroyed. I believe that it is ethical to use these extra embryos for research that could save lives when they are freely donated for that express purpose (Sharockman, 2010). The question of morality is answered by using untouched and unneeded embryos that, without science would be destroyed anyways. With a new age advancement in stem cell research there are many unknowns such as short- and long-term lifelong risks. With any research there can always be risks but with stem cell research such manipulated stem cells might integrate into unintended tissues, differentiate or de-differentiate into unintended cell types, or fail to function appropriately (Lo, 2008). These stem cells can attach to other organs and unintentionally fail the research. With risks comes rewards and stem cell research can tremendously change the way we see untreatable diseases and give patients answers and hope with their disease. With stem cell research being relatively new in the sense of being able to research the positive and negatives towards patients. One major disease that can be possibly cured is patients that have issues with GVHD bone marrow stem cells injection can possibly cure this disease. In this instance Blanc describes that Mesenchymal stem cells derived from bone marrow might be a safe and effective treatment for patients with severe, acute GVHD who do not respond to corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive therapies (Blanc, 2008). People who have an irritation from one type of stem cell might take better to another type. Stem cells taken from bone marrow have had a better chance of helping then allogenic stem cell transplantation, which is stem cells from umbilical cord blood. Another major disease that can possibly be cured from stem cell research is heart disease. There have been many Clinical studies on stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration (which) have shown significant improveme nts in ventricular pump function, ventricular remodeling, myocardial perfusion, exercise potential and clinical symptoms compared with conventionally treated control groups (Mathiasen, 2009). These studies can change the meaning of heart issues and breaking the wall of no return. Haemopoietic stem cell transplantation hit a high standard regarding treating autoimmune diseases. One treatment process explained treating someone with an autoimmune disease and talks further about One of the first diseases to be cured by this approach was aplastic anaemia the prototype haematological autoimmune disease [64]. A large proportion of these patients have now survived for over 20 years and 90% of them have returned to work [15] an important gold standard by which allogeneic HSCT in non-haematological autoimmune diseases will be measured (Moore, 2001). When working with stem cell research and specifically transplantation there are many risk such as: disease from the body that was left over or disease from the stem cell being transplanted. Hitting a Gold standard in any way is an achievement but in the future of medicine it is important to hit milestones so that scientist are sure of releasing information to the world to be tested. There are many ways that stem cell therapy can help many diseases and some more than stem cell injection. With many diseases running rampant there is always hope for clinical trial patients and their potential treatment from stem cell research. The many diseases that can potentially be cured from stem cell research would help the future of medical medicine tremendously and give people hope in a cure. Main wrote a great report on innovative medicine stating: We need to provide opportunities for innovative medicine on compassionate grounds but prevent over-enthusiasts from providing unproven and potentially unsafe procedures (Main, 2014). There are many opportunities available for stem cell research and it is so important to find a treatment for many life altering diseases but vise versa also important to keep patients safe and aware of the bad outcomes. Some research can take anywhere from one to five years and maybe more to see a true difference. Many articles are written everyday reporting the hope for the future of medicine. Some of These reports have led millions of people worldwide to hope that regenerative medicine is about to revolutionize biomedicine: either through transplantation of cells grown in the laboratory, o r by finding ways to stimulate a patients intrinsic stem cells to repair diseased and damaged organs (Main, 2014). The impending future for medicine includes in some way shape or form stem cells to change the way we tackle diseases. There are many ways to utilize stem cells. As Main stated either way the world looks at disease, stem cell research mixed with technological advances, will change the future of medicine forever. The treatment of diseases using stem cell research plays a big part in whether the federal government will be involved with funding stem cell research. Before looking to future federal funding we first must look at the last couple decades at the history of federal funding and this will reveal what the future holds for government participation. Federal funding is more important than most people think about because without money, medical advances will not exist and continue to grow in the future. There have been many bans on federal funding and the zero effects on private clinics. Looking into the history of the government participation mainly started In 1997 President Clinton issued an executive order banning the use of federal funds for stem cell research. However, such a ban has little effect on private fertility clinics. For twenty years, the federal government has refused to provide funds for research on IVF, but that has not stopped the hundreds of privately-financed IVF clinics from creating tens of thousands of babies (Annas, 2002). This had zero affect on private fertility clinics and scientist whom decided to use their perso nal funds to continue research. When these scientists want to personally fund research and decide to practice stem cell research how they want the government still has control over how they go forth performing research. There are many people that feel this ban should be practiced by all states and Eleven states have laws regulating research and/or experimentation on conceptuses, embryos, fetuses or unborn children that use broad enough language to apply to early embryos. It should be noted, however, that these bans would not apply once the techniques are no longer considered to be research and instead are thought of as standard practice (Annas, 2002). There is a fine line to be drawn between research to ban and practice to be appreciated. Federal funding does not seem to hold water when it comes differentiating between the two. Politics have governed stem cell research more than science. The new president has the most control over what happens with further research. Now we must look at the current presidencies ideas on lifting the ban on embryonic stem cell research. With our current presidential candidate, we must get his views and hope to get answers for the future of stem cell research. Trump has made many statements about stem cell research Trump himself has said he opposes abortion; a related issue Momentum has shifted to experimentation with other kinds of stem cells not derived from embryos. Artificially created stem cells called induced pluripotent stem cells, or IPS cells, act like embryonic cells, but are created from adult cells, such as skin cells (Fikes,2016). Trump has made many stances that he is against abortion and that is why he is on the side of transforming stem cells for science but using adult stem cells instead of embryonic. On the other side of the world they have different stances on whether the government should be involved. The U.S. is behind when it comes to stem cell research behind other countries. We as a country have a long way to go in healthcare before reaching other rising countries. When interviewers talked with members of the Brazil government they stated, Members of this stem cell network were disappointed when their funding was discontinued in 2005, but a new network, the National Network of Cell Therapy, was funded in 2008, showing a renewed government commitment to stem cell research (McMahon, 2010). Other countries around the world have different point of views on stem cell research and whether the governments involvement is crucial. Federal funding has a huge potential to help push stem cell research in the right direction and help to change the world of modern medicine. Whether we can move along towards research or away from it a decision needs to be made on if embryonic stem cell research is morally sound and deserves to be federally funded, so we can move forward as a whole and make technologically advances for the better. There are many ways to perform stem cell research such as transplantation, injection and many more as the years and technology advances. The risk of injury and death in any technological greatness is almost always a guarantee. There are many severe illnesses that stem cell research can treat and cure with years to come. The question of federal funding needs to be revised and made concrete, so the next presidential candidate can not create a ban or bring down a ban without permission. Federal funding may be a bigger element to the growth of research than most people put into question. How are we supposed to move forward in research if the next president will swoop in and change the rules and ban certain research from continuing. Originally in 1977 we were supposed to move forward, then Clinton came into office and set up bans on research. What will the future bring if the next president that comes into office every four years has a different view and different political side on whether to push towards or away from medical advances due to political and moral thoughts on abortion and the human body? A big part of continuing to federal fund research is for people who cannot get it in the states go across the border and risk being botched and new diseases. Federal funding will help to lower the risks of crossing the boarder for stem cell research and bringing back brand-new undiagnosed diseases to this country. These statements above should improve the decisions or at least resolve the issue associated with the morality and federal funding of stem cell research.